Time Spent in Home Production in the Twentieth-Century United States: New Estimates from Old Data
Cambridge University Press (Journal of Economic History), 2009 ·
source
Confidence: C — Reconstructed from period surveys
Curator note: Concept splice (Plan 004 Measure guard): Ramey measures unpaid home production (food prep, cleaning, clothing care, childcare, purchasing, management) for prime-age women and men separately, ages 18-64, in hours/week. ATUS (us-2020s-time-use, source bls-atus, 2024 annual averages) measures 'household activities' for all adults 15+ in hrs/day, without gender breakdown in the headline figure. The two series are NOT directly comparable: (1) different activity definitions (Ramey's 'home production' is broader than ATUS 'household activities'), (2) different populations (prime-age vs all-adult), (3) different units (weekly vs daily). When plotted on the same axis, this splice must carry a caveat banner. The Ramey series is the thesis spine (women's hours falling); ATUS is the modern anchor point.
Source note: Valerie A. Ramey, JEconHist 69(1), March 2009, pp. 1–47. Reconstruction from historical time-diary studies (Purnell Act studies 1920s, Wilson 1929, USDA 1944) linked to AHTUS/BLS modern surveys. Draft version: NBER Working Paper w13985 (May 2008, 63pp) — data tables are numerically identical to the published version; differences are prose tightening and table reformatting (5→5A/5B, etc.). Tier C (period-survey reconstruction). Key tables: Table 5A (nonemployed women), Table 6A (all women, prime-age), Table 7 (men, prime-age), Table 8A (all ages), Table 3 (component breakdown). Note: Ramey does not use the 1992-94 survey (missing data), so no 1990s benchmark. Splice point to ATUS: Ramey measures women-specific home production ages 18-64; ATUS measures all-adult household activities age 15+ — a concept splice that must caveat (Plan 004 Measure guard).
Assumption: The composite family