All sources · source collection
Consumer Expenditure Survey, Table 1101: Quintiles of income before taxes, 2012
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics · 2012
Source notes & limitations
Archived cu-income-quintiles-before-taxes-2012.xlsx, lowest20percent column, Mean rows. Ratio of expenditure and income means; does not describe every unit individually.
Where this source appears
1 records across 1 decades and countries. Documented gaps are included; a source cited for a gap does not establish a value.
1 of 1 records have a current source audit. A transcription check reads a declared numeric field from a pinned local source file; a calculation replay reads its operands and applies the declared method and rounding rule. A source audit does not independently validate the source or every claim in a record. The date is the last successful local audit; the build checks that its bindings still match.
221.8%
% (expenditures ÷ income before taxes)
Calculation replayed · 2026-09-08
Calculation method & rounding
Lowest before-tax-income quintile of consumer units, 2012: numerator mean divided by denominator mean, multiplied by 100, rounded once to one decimal place. This is a ratio of survey means, not the mean of individual household ratios.
Percentage of the denominator, rounded to 1 decimal places before unit scaling. Exact halfway cases round away from zero.
2 source operands; the source audit records their pinned file and addresses.